{"id":276,"date":"2024-08-03T21:29:49","date_gmt":"2024-08-03T13:29:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.1.com\/?p=274"},"modified":"2025-03-20T19:49:23","modified_gmt":"2025-03-20T11:49:23","slug":"about-detail-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/tr\/about-detail-19.html","title":{"rendered":"Yar\u0131 kat\u0131 metal d\u00f6k\u00fcm i\u015flemi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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1. Genel Bak\u0131\u015f <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

1971 y\u0131l\u0131nda Massachusetts Teknoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc'nden D.B. Spencer ve M.C. Flemings'in yeni bir kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm (stir cast) prosesi icat etmesinden bu yana, yani yar\u0131 kat\u0131 metal (SSM) d\u00f6k\u00fcm prosesi teknolojisi 20 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinden ge\u00e7ti\u011finden beri Sr15% Pb reolojik bulamac\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in d\u00f6nen bir \u00e7ift namlulu mekanik kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm ile haz\u0131rlanan ala\u015f\u0131mlar genellikle dendritik olmayan organizasyon ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 veya K\u0131smen Kat\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f D\u00f6k\u00fcm Ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 (PSCA) olarak bilinir. Bu teknolojiyi kullanan \u00fcr\u00fcnler y\u00fcksek kalite, y\u00fcksek performans ve y\u00fcksek ala\u015f\u0131m \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir canl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa sahiptir. Askeri te\u00e7hizattaki uygulamalara ek olarak, esas olarak otomobiller i\u00e7in, \u00f6rne\u011fin otomobil tekerlekleri i\u00e7in performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilen, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltabilen ve hurda oran\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilen temel bile\u015fenlere odaklanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. O zamandan beri, yava\u015f yava\u015f di\u011fer alanlarda da uygulamalar kazanm\u0131\u015f, y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 ve a\u011fa yak\u0131n \u015fekillendirme bile\u015fenleri \u00fcretmi\u015ftir. Yar\u0131 kat\u0131 metal d\u00f6k\u00fcm prosesi \u015fekillendirme makineleri de tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 7 kg veya daha fazla olan par\u00e7alar olu\u015fturan 600 tondan 2000 tona kadar yar\u0131 kat\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm kal\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm makinesi geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. \u015eu anda, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ve Avrupa'da, proses teknolojisi daha yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yar\u0131 kat\u0131 metal d\u00f6k\u00fcm i\u015flemi, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en umut verici a\u011fa yak\u0131n \u015fekillendirme ve yeni malzeme haz\u0131rlama teknolojilerinden biri olarak kabul edilir. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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2\u3001S\u00fcre\u00e7 Prensibi <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Yar\u0131 kat\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm i\u015fleminin prensibi, s\u0131v\u0131 metalin kat\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00e7alkalama uygulayarak, geleneksel d\u00f6k\u00fcmde olu\u015fan dendritik a\u011f iskeletinin k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131 fazda as\u0131l\u0131 da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k gran\u00fcler bir organizasyona d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi ger\u00e7e\u011finde yatmaktad\u0131r. Kat\u0131 faz oran\u0131 belirli bir seviyeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (0,5-0,6 gibi) bu yar\u0131 kat\u0131 bulama\u00e7 hala belirli bir ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k derecesini koruyabilir ve bu dakal\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm<\/a>Ekstr\u00fczyon ve kal\u0131pta d\u00f6vme gibi geleneksel \u015fekillendirme prosesleri, d\u00f6k\u00fcm kalitesini optimize etmek ve verimlili\u011fi art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in metali i\u015fler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Ala\u015f\u0131m Haz\u0131rlama <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Yar\u0131 kat\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6ntem vard\u0131r, mekanik kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemine ek olarak, son y\u0131llarda elektromanyetik kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi, elektromanyetik darbe y\u00fckleme y\u00f6ntemi, ultrasonik titre\u015fim kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi, d\u0131\u015f kuvvet etkisi alt\u0131nda kavisli kanal boyunca ala\u015f\u0131m s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n zorla ak\u0131\u015f\u0131, gerinim kaynakl\u0131 erime aktivasyon y\u00f6ntemi (SIMA), sprey biriktirme y\u00f6ntemi (Sprey), ala\u015f\u0131m d\u00f6k\u00fcm s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fc y\u00f6ntemi vb. geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda elektromanyetik kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi, ala\u015f\u0131m d\u00f6k\u00fcm s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etme y\u00f6ntemi ve SIMA y\u00f6ntemi end\u00fcstriyel uygulama i\u00e7in en fazla potansiyele sahip y\u00f6ntemlerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.1 Mekanik kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Mekanik kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, yar\u0131 kat\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan en eski y\u00f6ntemdi. Flemings ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, di\u015fleri olan e\u015f merkezli bir i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f silindirden (d\u0131\u015f silindir d\u00f6ner ve i\u00e7 silindir sabittir) olu\u015fan bir kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma cihaz\u0131 ile kalay-kur\u015fun ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131 kat\u0131 bir bulamac\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla haz\u0131rlad\u0131lar; H. Lehuy ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma k\u00fcrekleri ile al\u00fcminyum-bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131, \u00e7inko-al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve al\u00fcminyum-silikon ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131 kat\u0131 bulama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131lar. Daha sonra, kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve ZA-22 ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131 kat\u0131 bulamac\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in spiral bir kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130yile\u015ftirme sayesinde, bulamac\u0131n kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma etkisi geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f, metal s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131p i\u00e7indeki genel ak\u0131\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f ve d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc te\u015fvik etmek ve k\u00fcl\u00e7enin mekanik \u00f6zelliklerini iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in metal s\u0131v\u0131da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru bas\u0131n\u00e7 olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2 Elektromanyetik kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Elektromanyetik kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, metal s\u0131v\u0131y\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma amac\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in ind\u00fcklenmi\u015f ak\u0131m \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in metal s\u0131v\u0131da d\u00f6nen elektromanyetik alan\u0131n, hareketin etkisi alt\u0131nda Lorentz manyetik kuvvetindeki metal s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eu anda, d\u00f6nen manyetik alan \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in iki ana y\u00f6ntem vard\u0131r: biri ind\u00fcksiyon bobininin i\u00e7inden alternatif ak\u0131m ge\u00e7irmenin geleneksel y\u00f6ntemidir; di\u011feri ise 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa'dan C.Vives taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131t\u0131lan d\u00f6nen sabit m\u0131knat\u0131s y\u00f6ntemidir, bunun avantaj\u0131 elektromanyetik ind\u00fckt\u00f6r\u00fcn y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 sabit manyetik malzemeden olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve i\u00e7inde \u00fcretilen manyetik alan\u0131n y\u00fcksek mukavemetli olmas\u0131 ve sabit m\u0131knat\u0131slar\u0131n d\u00fczenini de\u011fi\u015ftirerek metal s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n belirgin \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu ak\u0131\u015f \u00fcretmesini sa\u011flayabilir. Kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma etkisi iyile\u015ftirilir ve kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma s\u0131ras\u0131nda gaz kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 azalt\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3 Gerinim Kaynakl\u0131 Eriyik Aktivasyon Y\u00f6ntemi (SIMA) <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Gerilme Kaynakl\u0131 Erime Aktivasyonu (SIMA), geleneksel bir k\u00fcl\u00e7enin \u00f6nceden deforme edildi\u011fi, \u00f6rne\u011fin ekstr\u00fczyon, haddeleme vb. ile s\u0131cak i\u015flenerek g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir uzun deformasyon yap\u0131s\u0131na sahip bir mikro yap\u0131ya sahip yar\u0131 mamul bir \u00e7ubuk haline getirildi\u011fi ve daha sonra belirli bir s\u00fcre boyunca kat\u0131-s\u0131v\u0131 iki fazl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye izotermal olarak \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, uzun tanelerin ince par\u00e7ac\u0131klara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve daha sonra amorf dendritik bir organizasyona sahip bir k\u00fcl\u00e7e elde etmek i\u00e7in h\u0131zla so\u011futuldu\u011fu bir i\u015flemdir. SIMA i\u015fleminin etkisi esas olarak s\u0131cak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve yeniden eritme iki a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r veya ikisi aras\u0131na bir so\u011fuk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma a\u015famas\u0131 eklenir, i\u015flem daha kontrol edilebilir.SIMA teknolojisi, \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00fcksek ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck erime noktal\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131m serileri i\u00e7in uygundur, \u00f6zellikle dendritik olmayan ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek erime noktas\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in benzersiz bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe sahiptir. Ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 20um dendritik olmayan organizasyonunun tane boyutunu elde etmek i\u00e7in paslanmaz \u00e7elik, tak\u0131m \u00e7eli\u011fi ve bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131, al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m serilerine ba\u015far\u0131yla uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, yar\u0131 kat\u0131 \u015fekillendirme hammaddeleri haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in rekabet\u00e7i bir y\u00f6ntem haline gelmektedir. Bununla birlikte, en b\u00fcy\u00fck dezavantaj\u0131, haz\u0131rlanan bo\u015fluklar\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutudur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.4 Son y\u0131llarda geli\u015ftirilen yeni y\u00f6ntemler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Son y\u0131llarda, Southeast \u00dcniversitesi'nde ve Japonya'daki Aresty Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc'nde, yeni ba\u015flayan dendritik organizasyonun, ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fclme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol edilerek k\u00fcresel bir organizasyona d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilece\u011fi bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu y\u00f6ntemin \u00f6zelli\u011fi, ala\u015f\u0131m elementleri eklemeye veya kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya gerek olmamas\u0131d\u0131r.V.Dobatkin ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 metale bir ar\u0131tma maddesi ekleyerek ve bunlar\u0131 ultrasonik olarak i\u015fleyerek yar\u0131 kat\u0131 k\u00fcl\u00e7eler elde etmek i\u00e7in bir y\u00f6ntem \u00f6nermi\u015flerdir ki bu y\u00f6nteme ultrasonik i\u015flem y\u00f6ntemi ad\u0131 verilmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u015eekillendirme y\u00f6ntemi <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Yar\u0131 kat\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131n bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6ntemi vard\u0131r, bunlardan ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Reokasting<\/strong>(Rheoforming, Rheocast) Metal s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131 fazdan kat\u0131 faza belirli bir kat\u0131 faz fraksiyonunda so\u011futulmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yo\u011fun kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ile elde edilen yar\u0131 kat\u0131 metal bulamac\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan kal\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc veya ekstr\u00fczyon kal\u0131plamas\u0131. 1 Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 2 S\u00fcrekli ala\u015f\u0131m s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 beslemesi 3 \u0130nd\u00fcksiyon \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 4 So\u011futucu 5 Reolojik olarak d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f k\u00fcl\u00e7e 6 Enjeksiyon odas\u0131 7 Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm kal\u0131b\u0131 \u00d6rne\u011fin, R. Shibata ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, elektromanyetik kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemiyle haz\u0131rlanan yar\u0131 kat\u0131 bir ala\u015f\u0131m bulamac\u0131n\u0131, \u015fekillendirme i\u00e7in do\u011frudan bir bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm makinesinin enjeksiyon odas\u0131na beslemek i\u00e7in kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntemle \u00fcretilen al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcmlerin mekanik \u00f6zellikleri ekstr\u00fczyon d\u00f6k\u00fcmlerinkinden daha y\u00fcksektir ve yar\u0131 kat\u0131 tiksotropik d\u00f6k\u00fcmlerinkiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. Sorun, yar\u0131 kat\u0131 metal bulamac\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m zorluklar\u0131d\u0131r, bu nedenle ger\u00e7ek uygulama \u00e7ok fazla de\u011fildir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Tiksotropik d\u00f6k\u00fcm<\/strong>(Thixoforming, Thixocast) Dendritik olmayan organizasyonun haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ingot k\u00fct\u00fcklerinin kat\u0131-s\u0131v\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde uygun bir viskoziteye kadar yeniden \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kal\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc veya ekstr\u00fczyonu. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'nde EOPCO, HPM Corp, Prince Machine ve THT Presses, \u0130svi\u00e7re'de Buhler, \u0130talya'da IDRA USA ve Italpresse of America, Kanada'da Producer USA ve Japonya'da Toshiba Machine Corp ve UBE. Machinery Services, vb. yar\u0131 kat\u0131 al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n dokunsal \u015fekillendirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel ekipmanlar \u00fcretebilmi\u015ftir. K\u00fct\u00fck \u0131s\u0131tma y\u00f6ntemi, otomasyonun elde edilmesi kolay ta\u015f\u0131ma, bu nedenle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn ana i\u015flem y\u00f6ntemlerinin yar\u0131 kat\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) Enjeksiyon kal\u0131plama<\/strong>(Enjeksiyon Kal\u0131plama) do\u011frudan erimi\u015f metal s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131na (yar\u0131 kat\u0131 bulamac\u0131n i\u015flenmesinden sonra de\u011fil) uygun s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa so\u011futulur ve bo\u015fluk enjeksiyon kal\u0131plama i\u00e7ine belirli bir i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131 ile desteklenir. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri, Wisconsin, touch into shape geli\u015ftirme merkezi gibi, magnezyum ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131 kat\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm y\u00f6ntemini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri Cornell \u00dcniversitesi, Profes\u00f6r K.K. Wang ve di\u011ferleri, bo\u015flu\u011fa uygun so\u011futma bas\u0131nc\u0131 enjeksiyonundan sonra, birle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in malzeme t\u00fcp\u00fcnden yar\u0131 kat\u0131 bulama\u00e7 olan benzer bir magnezyum ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u015fekillendirme cihaz\u0131 geli\u015ftirdiler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta s\u00fcrekli d\u00f6k\u00fcm<\/strong> D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kl\u0131 s\u00fcrekli d\u00f6k\u00fcm, s\u0131v\u0131 metalin k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 0\u00b0C civar\u0131nda olacak \u015fekilde kontrol edildi\u011fi ve d\u00f6k\u00fcm kal\u0131b\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda zorlamal\u0131 so\u011futman\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi bir d\u00f6k\u00fcm y\u00f6ntemidir. S\u00fcrekli d\u00f6k\u00fcmde merkez ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorundur ve filma\u015finin s\u00fcrekli haddelenmesinde k\u0131r\u0131lma meydana gelebilir. Bu nedenle proses b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(5) \u015eerit s\u00fcrekli d\u00f6k\u00fcm<\/strong> Flemings, Sn-15% Pb d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ergime noktal\u0131 metal ile deneysel \u015ferit s\u00fcrekli d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f ve \u0131s\u0131 transferi, kat\u0131la\u015fma ve deformasyonu analiz etmi\u015ftir. \u015eerit kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n merdane bas\u0131nc\u0131, kat\u0131 faz oran\u0131, reolojik kayma oran\u0131 ve s\u00fcrekli d\u00f6k\u00fcm h\u0131z\u0131 ile ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ekstr\u00fczyon alt\u0131ndaki spesifik bas\u0131n\u00e7 y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funda, mikro ayr\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 te\u015fvik eder. Y\u00fczey ve i\u00e7 kaliteyi ve boyutsal do\u011frulu\u011fu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in, kat\u0131 faz oran\u0131, ilk kristal formun boyutu ve yay\u0131lan metal miktar\u0131 gibi yar\u0131 kat\u0131 metal \u00fcretiminin proses parametrelerini s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kontrol etmek gerekir. Fosfor bronz Cu-Sn-P ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 (Cu-8%Sn-0.1%P) gibi y\u00fcksek erime noktal\u0131 metaller i\u00e7in, 1030 \u2103 s\u0131v\u0131 faz hatt\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u0131cak i\u015flenmesi zor, ince plakadan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu yar\u0131 kat\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131m ile belirgin sonu\u00e7lar vard\u0131r. \u015eu anda, yar\u0131 kat\u0131 paslanmaz \u00e7elik k\u00fcl\u00e7elerin, y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 tak\u0131m \u00e7eli\u011fi k\u00fcl\u00e7elerinin m\u00fckemmel organizasyonunu haz\u0131rlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 Teknolojik avantajlar <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Yar\u0131 kat\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm teknolojisinin avantajlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00fcr\u00fcn ve s\u00fcre\u00e7 avantajlar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) S\u00fcre\u00e7 Avantajlar\u0131 <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(1) ince tane organizasyonu elde etmek i\u00e7in herhangi bir tane ar\u0131tma maddesi eklemeden, geleneksel s\u00fctunlu kristaller ve kaba dendritik kristaller d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u015fekillendirme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 120\u00b0C'den daha fazla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclebilir), enerji tasarrufu sa\u011flayabilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) Uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kal\u0131p \u00f6mr\u00fc. Geleneksel dendritik bulama\u00e7tan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta yar\u0131 kat\u0131 bulama\u00e7 olu\u015fturan kesme gerilimi nedeniyle, \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck s\u0131ras\u0131 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr, bu nedenle dolum p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck termal y\u00fck, termal yorulma mukavemeti azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) Kirlili\u011fi ve g\u00fcvensiz fakt\u00f6rleri azalt\u0131n. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc operasyon y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki s\u0131v\u0131 metal ortam\u0131ndan uzakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(5) K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck deformasyon direnci, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kuvvet kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile homojen i\u015fleme sa\u011flanabilir, i\u015flenmesi zor malzemelerin \u015fekillendirilmesi kolayd\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(6) Daha h\u0131zl\u0131 kat\u0131la\u015fma, daha y\u00fcksek \u00fcretkenlik ve daha k\u0131sa proses d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(7) Bilgisayar destekli tasar\u0131m ve \u00fcretim kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in uygundur, \u00fcretimin otomasyon derecesini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) \u00dcr\u00fcn Avantaj\u0131 <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1)D\u00f6k\u00fcm kalitesi<\/a>Y\u00fcksek. Tane inceltme, tek tip organizasyon da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6vde b\u00fcz\u00fclmesi, azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f termal \u00e7atlama e\u011filimi, matris \u00fczerinde gev\u015fek b\u00fcz\u00fclme e\u011filiminin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle mekanik \u00f6zellikler b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iyile\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Kat\u0131la\u015fma b\u00fcz\u00fclmesi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr, bu nedenle y\u00fcksek boyutsal do\u011fruluk, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fleme pay\u0131, net \u015fekillendirmeye yak\u0131n \u015fekillendirmeden sonra. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) \u00c7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillendirme ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131. Demir d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131mlar al\u00fcminyum, magnezyum, \u00e7inko, kalay, bak\u0131r, nikel bazl\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131mlar; demir bazl\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131mlar paslanmaz \u00e7elik, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik vb. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) Metal matrisli kompozitlerin imalat\u0131. Yar\u0131 kat\u0131 metal y\u00fcksek viskozite kullan\u0131m\u0131, yo\u011funluk fark\u0131, ala\u015f\u0131mlardan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f metalin kat\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ayn\u0131 zamanda yeni kompozit malzemelerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f farkl\u0131 malzemelerin kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak etkili bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

6, yar\u0131 kat\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm teknolojisinin geli\u015ftirilmesi <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

6.1 S\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 pert\u00fcrbasyonunun ve d\u00f6kme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131 kat\u0131 haldeki magnezyum ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fcm halindeki organizasyonu \u00fczerindeki etkisi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Paslanmaz \u00e7elik pota diren\u00e7 f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131nda AZ91HP magnezyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131, rafine i\u015flemi i\u00e7in 720 \u2103 izolasyona 10 dakika \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r, k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli izolasyon i\u015flemine yak\u0131n s\u0131v\u0131 faz hatt\u0131nda, dendritik organizasyon olu\u015fum e\u011filimini azaltabilir; i\u015flem s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr, eriyik bozulur, taneye e\u015f eksenli \u015fekle veya hatta k\u00fcresel geli\u015fime h\u0131zlan\u0131r; eriyik \u00fcfleme argon (Ar) i\u015fleminin yar\u0131 kat\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, b\u00f6ylece eriyik \u00e7ekirdeklenme oran\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek, dendritik kol f\u00fczyonunu ve tane izometrisini h\u0131zland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bozulur. Dendritik kollar\u0131n f\u00fczyonunu ve tane e\u015feksenelle\u015fmesini h\u0131zland\u0131rmak, dendritik olmayan organizasyonun d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 elde edebilir; bu, \u015fekillendirmeden sonra yar\u0131 kat\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm yapar, sert ve k\u0131r\u0131lgan \u03b2-faz\u0131 i\u00e7eri\u011fi azal\u0131r ve yeni ba\u015flayan \u03b1-faz\u0131 tane s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda ince bir a\u011f da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r, magnezyum ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 yar\u0131 kat\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcmlerin mekanik \u00f6zelliklerini geli\u015ftirir (Foundry, 2006, 55(2): 120-125). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.2 Yar\u0131 kat\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131mlar i\u00e7in geli\u015fmi\u015f hamurla\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemleri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nerilen geli\u015fmi\u015f bulama\u00e7 yapma y\u00f6ntemleri aras\u0131nda, e\u011fimli plaka teknolojisi prensip ve ekipman a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan basittir, s\u00fcreci kontrol etmek kolayd\u0131r ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetlidir. Yar\u0131 kat\u0131 alt \u00f6tektik y\u00fcksek kromlu beyaz d\u00f6kme demir yar\u0131 kat\u0131 bulama\u00e7 cihaz\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in e\u011fimli plaka y\u00f6ntemini kullanarak, uyarma so\u011futma etkisi alt\u0131nda so\u011futma g\u00f6vdesindeki metal s\u0131v\u0131, ostenit d\u00fczg\u00fcn olmayan bir \u015fekilde \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7ekirdeklenme ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme, dendritik erime, katlama, ezme ve b\u00f6ylece ar\u0131tma, k\u00fcresel ostenit olu\u015fumu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.3 Al-6Si-2Mg al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yar\u0131 kat\u0131 tiksotropik bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131v\u0131 faz hat s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 615\u00b0C ve kat\u0131 faz hat s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 557\u00b0C olan Al-6Si-2Mg al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131, m\u00fckemmel tiksotropik proses \u00f6zelliklerine sahiptir. S\u0131cak \u00fcst y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131larak \u00e7ubuk k\u00fct\u00fck, elektromanyetik kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma dikey yar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli d\u00f6k\u00fcm, 60 ~ 70 mm \u00e7ap; orta frekansl\u0131 ind\u00fcksiyon ekipman\u0131 bobin \u0131s\u0131tmas\u0131nda k\u00fct\u00fck, h\u0131zl\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tman\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 500 \u2103 ve ard\u0131ndan yava\u015f \u0131s\u0131tma, \u00e7ekirdek 560 \u2103'ye ula\u015f\u0131r ve ard\u0131ndan \u0131s\u0131tma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc daha da azalt\u0131r, \u00e7ekirdekte 575 \u2103'ye ula\u015f\u0131r, 2800KN yatay so\u011fuk kamara d\u00f6k\u00fcm makinesine ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra, su pompas\u0131 kapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131nda otomobil motoruna d\u00f6k\u00fcm. Yar\u0131 kat\u0131 kal\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcm, kal\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcmde y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 kesme temas\u0131nda \u03b1-Al'\u0131 eriterek \u015fekle sokmu\u015ftur, birincil \u03b1-Al b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131, kat\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ince k\u00fcresel ikincil \u03b1-Al'a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Mg2Si'nin \u00f6tektik organizasyonu s\u00fcrekli d\u00f6k\u00fcm organizasyonundan daha iyidir; G\u00f6zeneksiz yar\u0131 kat\u0131 organizasyon nedeniyle, 540 \u2103, 8 saat kat\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zelti muamelesi ve ard\u0131ndan s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve ard\u0131ndan 170 \u2103, 6 saat yapay ya\u015fland\u0131rma ile a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri elde etmek i\u00e7in Mekanik \u00f6zellikler: \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 340MPa, akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 310MPa, uzama 3.5% (Casting, 2005, 54(5): 475-478).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1, Genel Bak\u0131\u015f Massachusetts Institute of Technology'den D.B. Spencer ve M.C. Flemings'in 1971 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeni bir proses olan kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc (stir cast) icat etmesinden bu yana, yani Sr15% Pb reolojik bulamac\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in d\u00f6nen \u00e7ift namlulu mekanik kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6nteminin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan bu yana yar\u0131 kat\u0131 metal (SSM) d\u00f6k\u00fcm prosesi teknolojisi 20 y\u0131ldan fazla ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve geli\u015ftirme deneyimi ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm ile haz\u0131rlanan ala\u015f\u0131mlar genellikle dendritik olmayan organizasyon ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 veya K\u0131smen Kat\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f D\u00f6k\u00fcm Ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 (PSCA) olarak bilinir. Bu teknolojiyi kullanan \u00fcr\u00fcnler y\u00fcksek kalite, y\u00fcksek performans ve y\u00fcksek ala\u015f\u0131m \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir canl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa sahiptir. Askeri te\u00e7hizattaki uygulamalara ek olarak, esas olarak otomobiller i\u00e7in temel bile\u015fenlere, \u00f6rne\u011fin performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilen, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltabilen, hurday\u0131 azaltabilen otomotiv tekerlekleri i\u00e7in odaklanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":843,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[21],"tags":[69],"class_list":["post-276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-about-news","tag-aluminum-alloy-manufacturing-process"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=276"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/276\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/843"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}