Pouring System The pouring system is a series of channels in the mold for the liquid metal to flow into the cavity. Its function is to: \u2460 Inject the metal fluid smoothly and quickly; \u2461Block slag, sand, etc. from entering the cavity; \u2462 Regulate the temperature of each part of the casting to supplement the volume contraction of the liquid metal during cooling and solidification.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nCorrectly setting the pouring system is of great significance to ensure the quality of castings and reduce the consumption of metal. If the pouring system is not reasonable, the castings are prone to defects such as sand blowing, sand holes, slag holes, failure to pour, porosity and shrinkage holes. Typical pouring system consists of four parts: outer gate, straight sprue, cross sprue and inner sprue, as shown in the figure below. The cross sprue can be omitted for small castings with simple shapes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/figure>\n\n\n\nTypical casting systems<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\u2460 Outer gate Its function is to contain the injected liquid metal and relieve the impact of liquid metal on the sand mold. Small castings are usually funnel-shaped (called gate cup), and larger castings are basin-shaped (called gate basin).<\/li>\n\n\n\n \u2461 Straight sprue It is a vertical channel that connects the outer gate with the horizontal sprue. Changing the height of the straight channel can change the static pressure of the liquid metal and change the flow speed of the liquid metal, thus changing the filling capacity of the liquid metal. If the height or diameter of the straight runner is too large, the casting will be underpoured. In order to make it easy to take out the rod, the straight channel is usually made into a conical shape with a big top and a small bottom.<\/li>\n\n\n\n \u2462 Cross-channel It is a horizontal channel to introduce the metal liquid from the straight channel into the inner channel, which is generally opened on the parting surface of the sand mold, and its cross-section is generally high trapezoidal in shape and located on the top of the inner channel. The main function of the cross channel is to distribute the liquid metal into the inner channel and to block the slag.<\/li>\n\n\n\n It is directly connected to the cavity and can regulate the direction and speed of liquid metal flow into the cavity and the cooling speed of each part of the casting. The cross-sectional shape of the inner sprue is generally flat trapezoidal and crescent-shaped, and can also be triangular.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Risers Common defects such as shrinkage and loosening are caused by the volume contraction of the casting when it cools and solidifies. In order to prevent shrinkage and loosening, often in the casting of the top or thick part of the riser. Risers are the cavities and metal injected into the cavities in the casting. The liquid metal in the riser can constantly replenish the shrinkage of the casting, so that the casting can avoid shrinkage holes and shrinkage loosening. Risers are redundant and should be removed during cleaning. Risers in addition to supplement the role of shrinkage, but also the role of exhaust and slag collection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n(5) Manufacture of molds and core boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Mold is the necessary process equipment in the casting production. For castings with an internal cavity, casting the internal cavity formed by the sand core, and therefore also to prepare the core box for sand core. Manufacturing mold and core box commonly used materials are wood, metal and plastic. In a single piece, small batch production is widely used in wood mold and core box, in mass production more metal or plastic mold, core box. Metal mold and core box service life of up to 100,000 ~ 300,000 times, plastic service life of up to several tens of thousands of times, while the wooden only about 1,000 times. In order to ensure the quality of castings, in the design and manufacture of mold and core box, must first design the casting process map, and then according to the shape and size of the process map, manufacturing mold and core box. See the diagram below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/figure>\n\n\n\nHere are some things to consider when designing a process map:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\u2460 Selection of parting surface The parting surface is the interface between the upper and lower sand molds, and the selection of the parting surface must enable the mold to be taken out of the sand mold and make the modeling convenient and conducive to ensuring the quality of the castings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n \u2461 Mold Pulling Slope In order to easily remove the mold from the sand mold, where perpendicular to the surface of the parting surface, are made 0.5\u00ba ~ 4\u00ba mold pulling slope.<\/li>\n\n\n\n \u2462 Machining allowance The surface of the casting to be processed should be left with appropriate machining allowance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n \u2463 Shrinkage The casting should shrink when cooling, and the size of the mold should take into account the influence of casting shrinkage. Usually used for cast iron parts to increase 1 percent; cast steel parts to increase 1.5 to 2 percent; aluminum alloy parts to increase 1 to 1.5 percent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n \u2464 Casting rounded corner of the casting on the surface of the corner, should be made into transitional rounded corner, in order to facilitate modeling and ensure the quality of castings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n (6) Core head For sand molds with a core, a corresponding core head must be made on the mold.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n