1- \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n1 - \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629
-\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629.
-\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629
-\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629
-\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627
-\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n2- \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n![\"\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a](\"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/wz-75.webp\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n2 - \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n1 - \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c
1930\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 CNC
\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a CNC
1952\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627).
\u0639\u0627\u0645 1958\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a
1968\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629
1974\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 (CNC)
1990\u060c \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\u0662 - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a
\u0639\u0627\u0645 1958\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a (CNC)
1975\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a
\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0633\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u0633\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644
\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
3 - \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 (1952)
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 (1959)
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (1965)
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: CNC \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 (1967)
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (1974)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 CNC<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0630\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629.
2-\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 (\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064d)
\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 (\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a)
\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 4 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 (\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a)
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 (\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621).
\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c - \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 - \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c 2. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 2. \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 1. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c 1930\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a 1948\u060c \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a 1952 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1952\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1958\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1968\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1974\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2189,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-about-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2188"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2188\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2188"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
1 - \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629
-\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629.
-\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629
-\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629
-\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627
-\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
2- \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n2 - \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n1 - \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c
1930\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 CNC
\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a CNC
1952\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627).
\u0639\u0627\u0645 1958\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a
1968\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629
1974\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 (CNC)
1990\u060c \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\u0662 - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a
\u0639\u0627\u0645 1958\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a (CNC)
1975\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a
\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0633\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u0633\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644
\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
3 - \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 (1952)
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 (1959)
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (1965)
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: CNC \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 (1967)
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (1974)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 CNC<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0630\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629.
2-\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 (\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064d)
\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 (\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a)
\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 4 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 (\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a)
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 (\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621).
\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/strong>\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637\u061b \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629) \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\"\u061b \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 (\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 vc\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 fn\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 ap)\u061b \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c CAM \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 NC \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627)\u2713<\/code>(\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638):<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\n
\n- \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u2713<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/strong>\n
\n- \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\/\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a)\u2713<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u2713<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\n
\n- \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628) \u2713<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u2713<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\n
\n- \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 (Q) \u2713<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 (vc\u060c fn\u060c ap) \u2713<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/strong>\n
\n- \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u2713<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a) \u2713<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
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\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a CNC \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 1. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 1- \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c - \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 - \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c 2. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 2. \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 1. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c 1930\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a 1948\u060c \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a 1952 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1952\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1958\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1968\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1974\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2189,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-about-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2188"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2188\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hexinmusu.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2188"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
1 - \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c
1930\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 CNC
\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a CNC
1952\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627).
\u0639\u0627\u0645 1958\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a
1968\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629
1974\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 (CNC)
1990\u060c \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u0662 - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a
\u0639\u0627\u0645 1958\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a (CNC)
1975\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a
\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0633\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u0633\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644
\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
3 - \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 (1952)
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 (1959)
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (1965)
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: CNC \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 (1967)
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (1974)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 CNC<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0630\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629.
2-\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 (\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064d)
\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 (\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a)
\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 4 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 (\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a)
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 (\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621).
\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\n- \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u2713<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/strong>\n
\n- \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\/\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a)\u2713<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u2713<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\n
\n- \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628) \u2713<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u2713<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\n
\n- \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 (Q) \u2713<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 (vc\u060c fn\u060c ap) \u2713<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/strong>\n
\n- \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u2713<\/li>\n\n\n\n
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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 (1952)
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 (1959)
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (1965)
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: CNC \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 (1967)
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (1974)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 CNC<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
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- \u0630\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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2-\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 (\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064d)
\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 (\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a)
\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 4 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 (\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a)
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 (\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621).
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